79 Kellogg Insight shouldn’t just be treated analytically and smoothed over for some sort of aggre - gate analysis. They should be brought to the forefront.” Get Some Context It is important to note that Shapiro only learned of the exceptional teacher after disclosing his results to the state’s board of education. This highlights another critical step in utilizing data: business leaders must work closely with data sci - entists to interpret these outliers, as often the leaders are the only ones with the necessary institutional knowledge or business context. “It’s unfortunate when the business per - son, who is relying on the analysis, gets these aggregated trends without having those outliers identified to him or her by the data scientist,” Shapiro says. “The interaction with the data folks is critical so that the business experts can deter - mine what’s really going on.” [Outliers] shouldn’t just be treated analytically and smoothed over for some sort of aggregate analysis. They should be brought to the forefront. JOEL K. SHAPIRO Based on insights from Joel K. Shapiro